::: Excel tips 19 :::

::: Data entry solutions with the Template Wizard :::

One of the hardest parts of gathering data from users is creating the right collection application. The data collection front end is often a series of forms in Access or ASP pages. However, the setup and security issues associated with these methods are sometimes too much to deal with for smaller data collection needs.

Excel 97 and 2000 ship with an add-in that can help this situation. The Template Wizard with the Data Tracking add-in will help you create an Excel template that will accept data from users in a familiar environment and then transfer the data to an Access database after it's saved. The wizard will walk you through the steps of defining the tables where the data should be inserted.

This is a great solution for such things as purchase order requests, invoices, or expense forms. Your users can enter their data in Excel, and the data structures set up by the Wizard will place that data into the Access database. The data will be collected into one repository for easy reporting and analysis.

::: Customizing "division by 0" error messages :::

    Working in a complex worksheet, you may have encountered that annoying "#DIV/0!" error when the divisor of your formula is a zero. Using the built-in IF function, you can create your own message for display when you divide by zero:
=IF (DIVISOR = 0,"Your Text", DIVIDED/DIVISOR)
    The IF function evaluates the first parameter (DIVISOR = 0). If it's TRUE, it places the second parameter ("Your Text") in the cell. If it's FALSE, the function places the third parameter (DIVIDED/DIVISOR) in the cell.
    This helps you control the message that's displayed when your formula produces a zero value that is then used to divide another value.

::: Debugging your code :::

    A great way to find errors in your code is to step through it one line at a time. The Step Into button on the Debug toolbar in the VBA Editor lets you do this.
    To start your macro, just click Step Into on the toolbar. The VBA Editor will work through each statement. This allows you to take advantage of some of the other debug tools, such as the Locals window and the Watchwindow.
    When stepping through your code, you can use the Step Out command to run the remaining code as normal. So even if you stepped through half the macro one statement at a time, you can then run the last half normally by clicking Step Out.

Windows XP (P.3)

>>> Stop Error Messages from Displaying on Startup <<<

If you constantly see an error message that you can't get rid offor example, from a piece of software that didn't uninstall properly and continues to give errors on startupyou can disable it from displaying on startup.

• Run the Registry Editor and go to HKEY_LOCAL MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Windows. (This key holds a variety of windows system settings, such as the location of your system directory.)
  

Create a new DWORD called NoPopupsOnBoot and give it a value of 1. Exit the Registry and reboot for the setting to take effect. To disable it, either delete the DWORD value or give it a value of 0.

============================

>>> Memory Tweak <<<

• 1. Start Registry Editor (Regedit.exe) and locate the following key in the registry:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SessionManager\MemoryManagement\PrefetchParameters
• 2.On the EnablePrefetcher value, change the setting from 3 to 5 (decimal).
• 3. Close the registry editor and restart your computer.

============================

>>> Disabling Recent Documents History <<<

The bad thing about Recent Documents History is that Windows XP has to calculate what should be put there each time you boot Windows, which can slow things down.

• 1. Open the Registry Editor (select Start/Run, type regedit, and click OK).
• 2. Navigate to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Mcft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer.
• 3. Create a NoRecentDocsHistory D_WORD key. Double-click the value to open it once it is created.
• 4. Set the Data Value to 1 to enable the restriction.
• 5. Click OK and close the Registry Editor. You'll need to restart the computer for the change to take effect.

Windows XP (P.2)

>>> Disable Unused PORTS <<<

I have just accidentally found out another way to give you an extra boost in windowsXP's boot performance. This is done by disabling your unused devices in Device Manager. for example, if you don't have input devices that are connected to one of your USBs or COM ports, disabling them will give you an extra perfromance boost in booting.

Go to Control Panel > System > Hardware tab > Device manager Disable devices that you don't use for your PC and then restart. See the difference for yourself.

Bonus Tip: Perform a Boot Defragment

There's a simple way to speed up XP startup: make your system do a boot defragment, which will put all the boot files next to one another on your hard disk. When boot files are in close proximity to one another, your system will start faster.On most systems, boot defragment should be enabled by default, but it might not be on yours, or it might have been changed inadvertently.
To make sure that boot defragment is enabled on your system, run the Registry Editor and go to:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Dfrg\BootOptimizeFunction
Edit the Enable string value to Y if it is not already set to Y. Exit the Registry and reboot. The next time you reboot, you'll do a boot defragment.

Windows XP

>>> Make your XP boot faster <<<

Along with the core operating system and programs that Windows XP runs when it starts, there is also a host of services involved. Many of these services are necessary for Windows XP to operate correctly. However, many of them are for features in Windows XP that you may not use at all. You can peruse the services and disable any service that you do not want to run. The fewer services that run, the more quickly Windows XP will boot.
To reduce the number of services that start on bootup, you can access two different areas of Windows XP.

• The first is the System Configuration Utility. You can do that by entering the command “msconfig” in the run menu.

Start > Run > “msconfig” (without quotes) || Hit Enter
The Services tab shows you the services that start when the computer boots. You can stop a service from starting by simply clearing the check box next to the service and clicking OK.

• However, before you do so, there is another way to disable services that you may prefer because the interface gives you more information about the service in question.

Open Control Panel > Administrative Tools Services or
Start > Run > “services.msc” || Hit Enter

Take a quick look at common services you may want to live without:

Automatic Updates: This service enables Windows XP to check the Web automatically for updates. If you don't want to use Automatic Updates, you can disable the service.

Computer Browser: If your computer is not on a network, you don't need this service. If you are on a network, leave it alone.

DHCP Client: If you are not on a network, you do not need this service. If you are on a small workgroup, you can still increase boot time by configuring manual IP.

DNS Client: If you are not on a network, you do not need this service.

Error Reporting and Event Log: You don't have to use these services but they can be very helpful, so I would leave them configured as automatic.

Fax: If you don't use your computer for fax services, you can disable this one.

Help and Support: Disable if you never use the Windows XP Help and Support Center.

IMAPI CD-Burning COM: This service enables you to burn CDs on your computer. If you never burn CDs, you can disable the service without any second thoughts.

Indexing Service: Your computer keeps an index of all the files. But if you rarely search for files, the service is just a resource hog. You can stop it

Windows Firewall/Internet Connection Sharing: If you do not use these features, plz disable.

Infrared Monitor: If you do not use infrared devices, you can disable this service.

Messenger: This service sends alert messages on a local area network (it is not the same as Windows Messenger). If you are not on a network, you can disable this service.

Print Spooler: If you do not do any printing from the computer, you can disable this service. If you print, make sure you leave it as automatic.

Remote Registry: This service allows remote users to modify the Registry on your computer. If you are not on a network, you can disable this service.

System Restore Service: This service allows you to use System Restore. If you have turned off System Restore anyway, you do not need to turn off the service.

Themes: If you do not use themes, you can disable this service.

Windows Image Acquisition: If you do not use scanners or digital cameras, you can disable.

Wireless Zero Configuration: If do not use wireless networking devices, you can disable.

::: Excel tips 18 :::

>>> Keep track of changes <<<

Track Changes works hand-in-hand with workbook sharing. It keeps a log of all changes to a workbook. It tracks cell changes, worksheet additions and deletions, column changes, and other types of changes, as well as the date, time, and name of the user who made the change. When data is changed, it keeps a record of the old and new values and the exact sheet and cell where the edit was made. One of the best parts of this tool is the ability to have Excel make a list of the changes in a separate worksheet. When this option is selected, Excel builds a listing of each change and even turns on Auto Filter to make finding specific changes easy. It also allows you to review each change and either accept or reject it. Rejecting a change restores the original value.
To turn on this tool, just select Tools | Track Changes | Highlight Changes. The Highlight Changes dialog box provides options such as tracking who makes the change, when the change is made, highlighting the change on-screen, and listing the changes.
When using this feature, you might like to see the Summary sheet when you open your workbook. Excel removes it when you save the sheet, but you can use this macro to have Excel quickly rebuild it:
Sub ViewChangeSummary()
With ActiveWorkbook
HighlightChangesOptions When:=xlAllChanges
ListChangesOnNewSheet = True
HighlightChangesOnScreen = True
End With
End Sub

=================================

>>> Conditional formatting <<<

Conditional formatting is one of Excel's better features. It allows you to preset certain font styles, colors, and cell-background colors based on cell values. This can be very useful for highlighting important information and values outside an accepted range or providing a visual cue to associate value ranges with color codes.
The best part is that conditional formatting is easy to set up. Just click the cells you'd like to format and select Format | Conditional Formatting. The Conditional Formatting dialog box lets you set up the conditions by which the formatting of the cell will occur. You pick the operator (between, equal to, less than, etc.) and the value or range of values. Click Format to open the Format Cells dialog box, where you can select the colors and styles to be used.
Each cell can have several conditional formats. For example, you might say that if a certain cell's value is between 20 and 50, the text should be blue on a yellow background. But you can format that same cell to exhibit red, bolded text on a green background if it contains a value between 51 and 100.

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::: Excel tips 17 :::

>>> Beware of sharing dates between Excel for Windows and Excel for Macs <<<

Excel supports two data systems: 1900 and 1904. Early Macintoshes did not support dates before Jan. 1, 1904. For this reason, Excel for Macs renders entered dates as the number of days since 1/1/1904. Excel for Windows, on the other hand, supports dates starting Jan. 1, 1900, and so renders dates as the number of days since 1/1/1900.
For example, the date 1/1/1904 is represented as a 0 in the 1904 date system. The same date in the 1900 date system is represented by the number 1,462. This is because 1/1/1904 is 1,462 days since 1/1/1900, the day the 1900 date system begins its "counting."
What all this means to you is that if you have users on both Macs and PCs using Excel and copying data between workbooks, there's the chance of incorrect date representation.
One solution is to set your PCs so that they all use the 1904 date system. Then they'll be compatible with the Macs. To do so, open a workbook and select Tools | Options. Click the Calculation tab. Under Workbook Option, select the 1904 Date System check box and click OK. For more information, check out Microsoft's Knowledge Base article 214330, which covers this issue in depth:
http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q214/3/30.asp

=====================================

>>> Don't use AutoFormat on an entire worksheet <<<

Microsoft has confirmed that there's a potential problem when AutoFormat is selected for a whole worksheet rather than a specific range.
Depending on your OS and configuration, you could see symptoms ranging from Excel not responding to various error messages concerning page faults, low virtual memory, and access violations.
To resolve this issue, make sure that you select only the range of cells you want formatted when you select Format | AutoFormat.
Microsoft Knowledge Base article 211478 offers the details of the problem:
http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q211/4/78.ASP

::: Excel tips 16 :::

>>> Converting Julian dates <<<

Here's a little piece of post-Y2K calendar trivia for you. Since the 1950s, astronomers and geophysicists have used Julian dates to track time in continuous, absolute terms, without bothersome seasons, leap years, or man-made conventions. Julian dates associate a date with the number of days elapsed since January 1 of the same year. (For example, Jan. 2, 2000, has the value of 2.)
Excel doesn't have a built-in option to convert dates to Julian time, but you can use this shortcut to convert today's date to the Julian format:
Just type this equation into any cell in your worksheet:
=VALUE(RIGHT(YEAR(TODAY()),2)&TEXT(TODAY()-DATE(YEAR(TODAY())-1,12,31),"000"))
Now, you'll need to format this value to display five digits.

• Right-click in the cell that contains the value and select Format Cells.
• On the Number tab, choose Custom from the Category list box.
• In the Type text box, enter 00000.
• Click OK.

======================================

>>> Saving time with Custom Views <<<

Custom Views is a tool in Excel that lets you assign a name to a particular sheet layout so you can recall it for later viewing. You can access the feature by selecting View | Custom Views. In the Custom Views dialog box, you'll see a listing of saved views, and you can add or delete views. When adding a view, you have the option of including print settings, hidden rows and columns, and filter settings. The new view even remembers where the active cell was when the view was saved, so when you open that view, it will ”jump” to the spot in your sheet that corresponds to that view.
Making good use of custom views can save a great deal of time. For example, you can eliminate repetitive hiding, resizing, filtering, and other changes for producing various printed reports. Each set of options can be saved as a view. Then, all you need to do is apply the view before you print.

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::: How to Park A Car :::

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::: Search Engine :::

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::: IMPROVE YOUR SITE :::

QUICK AND EASY WAYS TO IMPROVE YOUR SITE

*******************************************************************************

1. Find and Fix Broken Links and Other Errors

There are a number of online services that can check your site for problems. You can set these to run automatically on a schedule, and to send you a report. The checkers can do various things, from checking links to spell checking and HTML checking. Most of these services provide free demo reports, by the way—they’ll check a few pages, maybe even 100, on your site and send you the report so you can see what you’ll get when you sign up.
Link Alarm: http://LinkAlarm.com/
Doctor HTML and RxHTMLPro: http://www2.imagiware.com/
Net Mechanic: http://www.NetMechanic.com/
Web Site Garage: http://websitegarage.netscape.com/
Tu cows Library: http://www.tucows.com/

===============================

2. Make Sure Your Site Looks Good in All Browsers

One of the biggest frustrations for anyone creating Web pages is the fact that what looks fine in one browser may look terrible in another. It’s an unfortunate fact that not all browsers are equal. How, then, do you avoid problems? Really the only way to be sure is to check your work in different browsers. Which? Well, there’s the problem. There are so many different browsers, versions of browsers, and operating systems, that there’s no way you’ll be able to check all the possibilities.
Net Mechanic at http://www.NetMechanic.com/ has set up a service called Browser Photo. This service tests your pages on 14 different browser/operating system combination, a combination of AOL, Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Web TV, and Opera (including 11 different Explorer and Navigator versions), a variety of different screen sizes, and three different operating systems: PC, i Mac, and Web TV.

===============================

3. Add a Heading or Tag Line to Your Name Plate

The name of a product or a company is rarely in itself a compelling marketing message. Therefore you should hardly ever head a Web page with the name of the product or company. Instead, craft a compelling statement of the benefit someone gets out of buying the product or doing business with the firm. After that hook you can introduce the identity of the Web page’s sponsor.

===============================

4. Include a Guarantee and a Privacy Statement

If you’re selling something on your site, a guarantee will help take away the feeling of risk. If you’re a smaller, relatively unknown company you need to establish credibility fast. Offering a guarantee will increase orders more than it will cost in returned items. You also should include a privacy statement when asking visitors to provide information, namely their e-mail address.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

::: Desktop Tips 3 :::

>>> Removing Shortcut Arrows <<<

An easy way to remove those irritating arrows from your desktop shortcut icons and not change their properties

• Right click the Desktop / Properties / Appearance tab
• Select Item
• Scroll for Icon
• The default size is 32
• Change this to 30
• Clicking Apply

---------------------------------------------------------------

>>> Adding the Control Panel to the Start Menu <<<

• Open up the Explorer
• Go to \WINDOWS\Start Menu
• Right click in the right-hand panel
• Add a new folder
• Name it Control Panel.{21ec2020-3aea-1069-a2dd-08002b30309d}
• This makes getting to the Control Panel items a little easier

---------------------------------------------------------------

>>> Making Desktop Changes Permanent <<<

To make changes to the Desktop like window size, position after rebooting:

• Start Regedit
• Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer
• Create a New Binary Value
• Name it No Save Settings
• Give it a value of 01 00 00 00

---------------------------------------------------------------

>>> Easy Shortcuts on the Desktop <<<

Here is an easy way to put shortcuts on the Desktop where they can easily be moved to other group icons.

• Using the Explorer, create a SHORTCUT to the \Windows\Desktop directory in your \Windows\SEND TO directory.
• Now whenever you want to make a shortcut and move it to the desktop:
• Just make the shortcut you want using Explorer
• Right click on that shortcut
• In the pop up menu select the Send To and Desktop shortcut.

::: Desktop Tips 2 :::

>>> Creating Shutdown, Restart and Log off Icons <<<

To create the icons, create a shortcut on the desktop.

• For Shutdown, the command is C:\WINDOWS\RUNDLL.EXE user.exe,exitwindows
• For Restart, the command is C:\WINDOWS\RUNDLL.EXE user.exe,exitwindowsexec
• For Logoff, the command is C:\WINDOWS\RUNDLL.EXE shell32.dll,SHExitWindowsEx 0

---------------------------------------------------

>>> Having your Favorites and Start Menus Sort Alphabetically <<<

If your Start Menu Program or Favorites are not sorting alphabetically, it is easy to fix this:

• Start Regedit
• Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion/Explorer/MenuOrder
• Under here is are Favorites and Start Menu folders
• In each there is a value called Order
• Simply delete (or rename this) and restart Winodws
• Your Favorites or Start Menus should now sort alphabetically

---------------------------------------------------

>>> Increasing the Icon Cache <<<

• Run Regedit
• Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\explorer
• Create a new string called Max Cached Icons
• Give it a value of 10000

This will increase response time in windows and give the Shellicon cache file more elbow room.

---------------------------------------------------

>>> Make Icons 256 Color 16-Bit <<<

• Open the Registry
• Hit Ctrl+F
• Type Shell Icon BPP
• When found, right click the Shell Icon BPP icon
• Click Modify
• Change the value from 4 to 16
• Click Ok
• Close the registry
• Restart your computer

::: Desktop Tips 1 :::

>>> Easy Access to Folders from the Toolbar <<<

You can quickly access commonly used folders from your Toolbar

• Right click on an open area of the Toolbar
• Select Toolbars / New Toolbar
• Browse to the directory you want to add
• Now on the toolbar you will see the name of that folder displayed.
• Click on the >> to open any sub-folders as well.

----------------------------------------------------------

>>> Organizing the Start / Programs Listing <<<

As you add more and more programs, the listing of them in Start / Programs can get fairly long.
One solution is to categorize your programs into several groups, create a folder for those groups, and move the shortcuts to those folders.

For example:

• Start the Explorer
• Go to Windows / Start Menu / Programs
• Create new folders with the categories you want (e.g. Graphics, Utilities, Internet etc.)
• Now move the shortcuts to those programs in Windows / Start Menu / Programs to whichever category you decide.

This can greatly reduce clutter and make it a lot easier to find your programs.

Note: Windows2000 and WindowsXP Users will need to go to the C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Start Menu\Programs directory

----------------------------------------------------------

>>> Restoring a Lost Desktop <<<

If you ever lose the Desktop but Explorer is still running with the Start Button,
you can do this to bring back your Desktop in a Windows box.

• Click Start
• Click Run
• Type a period " . "
• Then press Enter
  

----------------------------------------------------------

>>> Creating a New E-Mail Shortcut <<<

To create a shortcut that will open your default e-mail program starting a new e-mail,

• Right click on an open area of the desktop
• Select New / Shortcut
• For the Command Line, enter mailto:
• For the title enter something like New E-Mail
• When you click on this your default e-mail program should start with a new e-mail form.

----------------------------------------------------------

>>> Creating 3D Window Effect <<<

You can create a nice 3D effect for your windows

• Start Regedit
• Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Control Panel \ Colors
• Make sure the following setting are there:
• ButtonHilight=128 128 128
• Button Shadow=255 255 255

::: Painting :::

Artists in Devon

Artists in Devon

::: Roads :::

1965 war Pakistan and India

War of 1965 Pakistan and India some Pictures

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::: Forex :::

>> History of the Forex <<

Money, in one form or another, has been used by man for centuries. At first it was mainly Gold or Silver coins. Goods were traded against other goods or against gold. So, the price of gold became a reference point. But as the trading of goods grew between nations, moving quantities of gold around places to settle payments of trade became cumbersome, risky and time consuming. Therefore, a system was sought by which the payment of trades could be settled in the seller’s local currency. But how much of buyer’s local currency should be equal to the seller’s local currency? The answer was simple. The strength of a country’s currency depended on the amount of gold reserves the country maintained. So, if country A’s gold reserves are double the gold reserves of country B, country A’s currency will be twice in value when exchanged with the currency of country B. This became to be known as The Gold Standard. Around 1880, The Gold Standard was accepted and used worldwide.
During the first WORLD WAR, in order to fulfill the enormous financing needs, paper money was created in quantities that far exceeded the gold reserves. The currencies lost their standard parities and caused a gross distortion in the country’s standing in terms of its foreign liabilities and assets.
After the end of the second WORLD WAR the western allied powers attempted to solve the problem at the Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire in 1944. In the first three weeks of July 1944, delegates from 45 nations gathered at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. The delegates met to discuss the postwar recovery of Europe as well as a number of monetary issues, such as unstable exchange rates and protectionist trade policies.
During the 1930s, many of the world’s major economies had unstable currency exchange rates. As well, many nations used restrictive trade policies. In the early 1940s, the United States and Great Britain developed proposals for the creation of new international financial institutions that would stabilize exchange rates and boost international trade. There was also a recognized need to organize a recovery of Europe in the hopes of avoiding the problems that arose after the First World War.
The delegates at Bretton Woods reached an agreement known as the Bretton Woods Agreement to establish a postwar international monetary system of convertible currencies, fixed exchange rates and free trade. To facilitate these objectives, the agreement created two international institutions: the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank). The intention was to provide economic aid for reconstruction of postwar Europe. An initial loan of $250 million to France in 1947 was the World Bank’s first act.
Under the Bretton Woods Exchange System, the currencies of participating nations could be converted into the US dollar at a fixed rate, and foreign central banks could convert the US dollar into gold at a fixed rate. In other words, the US dollar replaced the then dominant British Pound and the parities of the world’s leading currencies were pegged against the US Dollar.
The Bretton Woods Agreement was also aimed at preventing currency competition and promoting monetary co-operation among nations. Under the Bretton Woods system, the IMF member countries agreed to a system of exchange rates that could be adjusted within defined parities with the US dollar or, with the agreement of the IMF, changed to correct a fundamental disequilibrium in the balance of payments. The per value system remained in use from 1946 until the early 1970s.
The United States, under President Nixon, retaliated in 1971 by devaluing the dollar and forcing realignment of currencies with the dollar. The leading European economies tried to counter the US move by aligning their currencies in narrow band and then float collectively against the US dollar.
Fortunately, this currency war did not last long and by the first half of the 1970’s leading world economies gave up the fixed exchange rate system for good and floated their currencies in the open market. The idea was to let the market decide the value of a given currency based on the demand and supply of the currency and the economic health of the currency’s nation. This market is popularly known as the International Monetary Market or IMM. This IMM is not a single entity. It is the collection of all financial institutions that have any interest in foreign currencies, all over the world. Banks, Brokerages, Fund Managers, Government Central Banks and sometimes individuals, are just a few examples.
This is very much the present system of exchange of foreign currencies. Although the currency’s value is dependent on the market forces, the central banks still try to keep their currency in a predefined (and highly confidential) fluctuation band. They accomplish this by taking one or more of various steps.
The International Trade Organization that had been planned in the Bretton Woods Agreement could not be realized in the form initially envisaged - the US Congress would not endorse it. Instead, it was created later, in 1947, in the form of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which was signed by the US and 23 other countries including Canada. The GATT would later become known as the World Trade Organization. In recent years, the two international institutions created at Bretton Woods the World Bank and the IMF have faced a major challenge in helping debtor nations to get back on stable financial footing.

::: Forex :::

Introduction of the Forex

<<>>

The Forex market, established in 1971, was created when floating exchange rates began to materialize. The Forex market is not centralized, like in currency futures or stock markets. Trading occurs over computers and telephones at thousands of locations worldwide.
The Foreign Exchange market, commonly referred as FOREX, is where banks, investors and speculators exchange one currency to another. The largest foreign exchange activity retains the spot exchange (i.e.., immediate) between five major currencies: US Dollar, British Pound, Japanese Yen, Eurodollar and the Swiss Franc. It is also the largest financial market in the world. In comparison, the US stock market may trade $10 billion in one day, whereas the Forex market will trade up to $2 trillion in one single day. The Forex market is an opened 24 hours a day market where the primary market for currencies is the 24-hour Interbank market. This market follows the sun around the world, moving from the major banking centres of the United States to Australia and New Zealand to the Far East, to Europe and finally back to the Unites States.
Until now, professional traders from major international commercial and investment banks have dominated the FX market. Other market participants range from large multinational corporations, global money managers, registered dealers, international money brokers, and futures and options traders, to private speculators.
There are three main reasons to participate in the FX market. One is to facilitate an actual transaction, whereby international corporations convert profits made in foreign currencies into their domestic currency. Corporate treasurers and money managers also enter the FX market in order to hedge against unwanted exposure to future price movements in the currency market. The third and more popular reason is speculation for profit. In fact, today it is estimated that less than 5% of all trading on the FX market is actually facilitating a true commercial transaction.
The FX market is considered an Over The Counter (OTC) or ‘Interbank’ market, due to the fact that transactions are conducted between two counterparts over the telephone or via an electronic network. Trading is not centralized on an exchange, as with the stock and futures markets. A true 24-hour market, Forex trading begins each day in Sydney, and moves around the globe as the business day begins in each financial center, first to Tokyo, London, and New York. Unlike any other financial market, investors can respond to currency fluctuations caused by economic, social and political events at the time they occur - day or night.

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:: Yoom-e-Pakistan :::

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::: Excel tips 15 :::

>> Opening a workbook at start up <<

If some of your users spend much of their day working in a specific workbook, you can teach them how to designate that workbook to open each time Excel launches. All they need to do is place the workbook (or a shortcut to the workbook) in the XLStart folder. This technique also works with network shortcuts.
You'll find the XLStart folder in the same place as the Excel program files—typically C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office. After placing the file or shortcut in the XLStart folder, the user can just restart Excel to see the file pop open automatically.

--------------------------------------------------------

>> Hiding duplicate records <<

One of the most common mistakes users make in preparing a report or sorting data is including redundant entries. For example, if a worksheet keeps a running tally of purchases made by Customer 1, there's no need to report cells other than the ones keeping the composite figures. A built-in filter in Excel will take care of this problem.
Follow these steps:
Choose Data | Filter | Advanced Filter.
Drag across the worksheet to select the lists containing duplicate entries.
Select Unique Records Only.
Click OK.
Excel will now hide any duplicate records in the selected range.

::: Excel tips 14 :::

>> Counting the days via cell subtraction <<

By default, Excel 97 adjusts the display of dates to friendly displays that users can identify. But behind the scenes, Excel still thinks in numbers. So finding the number of days between two days is as easy as simply subtracting one cell that contains a date, regardless of format, from another date-carrying cell.
For example, let's suppose a user has entered the date 2/20/2000 in cell A1 and 3/10/2000 in cell A2. The formula A2-A1 will return the result 19 (2000 was a leap year). Note: You must use the date that falls later in the calendar year as the first argument of the equation, or the equation will return an error.
By default, Excel will format the result of a formula in the same format as the source cells. So in our example, it reports that the difference between 2/20/2000 and 3/10/2000 is 1/19/1900. However, simply right-clicking the formula cell, selecting Format Cells, and selecting a Number format will fix this problem.

----------------------------------------------------------

>> Quickly shuffling toolbar buttons <<

Here's a quick tip you can pass on to your users who like to modify their Excel toolbars.
Instead of right-clicking a toolbar and selecting Customize to launch the Customize dialog box, they can simply press the [Alt] key and click and drag a button to any toolbar they want. Of course, both the source and target toolbars must be visible for this procedure to be effective.
One quick word of warning: This technique moves buttons, so they will no longer be on the default toolbar. If users want to copy a button to a new toolbar while retaining its position on the original one, they can hold down [Ctrl][Alt] while clicking and dragging the button.

::: Excel tips 13 :::

>> Catching data entry errors <<

It's a fact: Shared workbooks generate more errors than workbooks with only one owner. Here's one way to flag errors as they occur:
. Select all cells in which data will be entered.
. Go to Format | Conditional Formatting.
. In the Conditional Formatting dialog box, specify which cell values to flag.
. Click Format.
. In the Format Cells dialog box, click the Patterns tab and select a color to signal errors.
. Click OK.
Now, when someone enters an error, it will be flagged with your selected color.

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>> Quickly setting a print area <<

Your users probably waste a lot of time and paper sending entire worksheets to the printer when all they need is a printout of a few columns or rows. Teach them this quick trick to set specific print areas within the Print Preview mode:
. Select View | Page Break Preview.
. Select the cells you want to print.
. Right-click on the selection and choose Set Print Area from the shortcut menu.
. Click Print.

::: Excel tips 12 :::

>> Exceeding the 30-argument limit <<

Excel has a 30-argument limit for statistical functions. It's easy to get around, though, if you group some of your arguments within parentheses.
Instead of entering AVG(A1,A2,A3…,A33), you can enter AVG((A1,A2,A3)A4…,A33), and Excel will accept the grouped arguments as a single argument within the formula.

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>> Ask Mr. Excel <<

Excel power users and support pros: Check out MrExcel.com. Mr. Excel answers one reader's question per week, according to what piques his interest, often including full macros to be copied and put to use.
Because this is a side project for the site's operator, he can't answer every question submitted, but he has provided a message board for other Excel users to exchange information. Other site features include past week's tips, quick answers, book reviews, and the opportunity to find out whether you can answer the monthly challenge.
If you work extensively with Excel and Visual Basic, this may be the one resource you've been looking for.
http://www.mrexcel.com

::: Excel tips 11 :::

>> Faster access to worksheets <<

When working with large workbooks in which all of the worksheet tabs are not visible, your users may get frustrated with scrolling to find the sheet they need. Here's a really quick tip to pass on. Right-click on any of the tab-scrolling buttons (to the left of the sheet tabs) and a shortcut menu will pop up. You can then select the tab you want.

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>> Inserting the full file path in headers and footers <<

Excel 97 doesn't offer you the option of displaying the full file path in worksheet headers and footers. With a little basic VBA editing, you can add this functionality to users' systems.
. Go to Tools | Macro | Visual Basic Editor.
. Go to the View menu and select Code.
. Type the following:
Sub PathFooter()
ActiveSheet.PageSetup
LeftFooter=ActiveWorkbook
FullName
End sub
. Go to File | Close.
Return to your workbook and save the file. You can now run your macro by navigating to Macros and choosing the one named PathFooter.

::: Excel tips 10 :::

>> Recovering data with the SYLK format <<

If a user complains of being unable to save a workbook, the problem is usually user error. However, things do go wrong. If you've tried all the common sense remedies and the workbook does seem to be corrupted, you can try to revert to the old Symbolic Link (SYLK) format.
This approach will let your users recover most of their essential data by stripping away the more complex information that tends to be the source of corruption. Unfortunately, this trick won't help them get back any data, including charts and graphics, that wasn't supported back in the days of Excel 2.0.
. Follow these easy steps in Excel :
. Open the file that appears to be corrupted.
. Select Save As from the File menu.
. In the Save As Type list, select SYLK (Symbolic Link).
. Click Save.
. Click OK in the warning dialog box that appears when you save in SYLK format.
. Close the file.
. Click No to move on past the warning that the file you are closing is not in the normal Microsoft Excel format. (Clicking Yes will resave the file in the normal Microsoft Excel format.)
. Select Open from the File menu.
. Select All Files (*.*) in the Files Of Type drop-down list.
. Select the SYLK file you saved in step 3 and click Open.
. Select Save As from the File menu.
. Select Microsoft Excel Workbook (*.xls) in the Save As Type drop-down list.
. Click Save.
For additional information, check out Microsoft Knowledge Base article 45557:
http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/ARTICLES/Q45/5/57.asp

::: Excel tips 9 :::

>> Printing formulas <<

If your users have invested time in writing numerous formulas, they may want to print them for safekeeping. Although Excel doesn't include a simple "Print Formulas" button, functionality is built in. Here's how to find it:
. Go to the Tools menu.
. Click Options.
. Within the section called Window Options on the View tab, select Formulas.
. Click OK.
There is also a keyboard shortcut for this function. Press [Ctrl]~. In both cases, the result is that the formulas, rather than their results, will appear in the worksheet.

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>> Shifting a scatter chart's axis <<

In most cases, Excel's default behavior of making the x-axis and y-axis of scatter charts intersect at 0 is desirable. But sometimes, your users may want to change that intersection point. An obvious example is when a user needs to highlight just a selected number of years of data but doesn't want to create an entirely new chart.
To reset an axis, follow these steps:
. Activate the chart for editing.
. Click to select the axis you want to modify.
. Choose Selected Axis from the Format menu.
. Select the Scale tab.
. Type a number in the Value (X or Y) Axis Crosses At text box.
. Click OK.

::: Excel tips 8 :::

>> Update for Excel 2000 text export <<

Microsoft has released a patch that fixes a formatting problem when exporting Excel 2000 files to .txt documents. On machines running a Microsoft OS earlier than Windows 2000, four-digit year entries are automatically truncated to two-digit entries, regardless of formatting applied within Excel.
This behavior occurs only when users employ a macro or procedure to export to a text file, not during manual saves to a text file format. If your users are using Visual Basic for Applications to export files to .txt, .prn, .csv, or .dif formats (and you are using a pre-Windows 2000 OS), you need to install an update released by Microsoft. For more information, read the Microsoft Knowledge Base article 247796, XL2000: Programmatically Exporting Text File Truncates Dates:
http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q247/7/96.asp

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>> Creating a workspace in Excel <<

Often, your users will be working with several workbooks at a time. They will be happy to know that they can arrange the workbooks, save them as a workspace, and then open everything at once in the viewing configuration they prefer. Here's how:
. With all the workbooks in the preferred positions, go to the File menu.
. Choose Save Workspace.
. Type a name for the file.
. Click Save.
The next time your users want to work with those workbooks, they can go to File | Open and select their workspace.

>> My Friends <<

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::: Excel tips 7 :::

>> A macro that pulls source data from charts <<

When building charts in Excel 97, many users reference information in other workbooks to keep spreadsheets fairly streamlined. But what do you do if a user complains that the data source has become corrupted or that the file is no longer available in the network?
It's a little bit of a headache to read, but Knowledge Base article 137016 includes the full contents of a macro that can strip important data from the graphic elements of a chart.
http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/ARTICLES/Q137/0/16.asp
After creating the simple VBA macro, you only need to run it and drop the information into a worksheet called Chart Data. Don't go volunteering this information to all of your users, but if a VP loses an important sales worksheet, you can pull out this nifty power trick and save the day.

::: Excel tips 6 :::

>> Copying styles between workbooks <<

Creating formatting styles is a real time saving trick for users. So why should they waste time re-creating these styles in multiple workbooks? If they have formatted a workbook in a particularly useful way and want to continue to use the format in other workbooks, teach them how to copy the style from one workbook to another:
. Open the source workbook and the destination workbook.
. Make sure that the destination workbook is active, go to the Format menu, and choose Style.
. Click the Merge button.
. Within the Merge Styles dialog box, select the source workbook from the Merge Styles From list box.
. Click OK.